Your work has been saved and submitted Written Apr 2, 2025 8:10 PM - Apr 2, 2025 8:21 PMAttempt 1 of 2 Attempt Score 87.5 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 87.5 % Question 1 5 / 5 points What mechanisms does the body use to turn responses on and off to maintain homeostasis? Unselected Fight-or-flight mechanisms Unselected Homeostasis mechanisms Unselected Input mechanisms Selected Feedback mechanisms Hide question 1 feedback Feedback Correct The body uses feedback mechanisms. When concentrations of hormones, enzymes, or fluids are too high, for example, the body responds to turn off production of even more of those hormones, enzymes, or fluids. Conversely, when concentrations area lower, the body uses that feedback to turn on the production of more. Question 2 5 / 5 points The pancreas produces a special hormone, which stimulates the absorbtion of blood sugar. This hormone is called Unselected adrenaline. Unselected glycogen. Unselected glucagon. Selected insulin. Hide question 2 feedback Feedback Correct Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas and released when blood sugar is higher than normal. Glucagon is the opposite hormone, used when blood sugar is too low, and more must be freed from reserves of glycogen Question 3 0 / 5 points Which macromolecule stores the most energy, and is needed by the cell in order to produce ATP? Correct AnswerUnselected Carbohydrates Incorrect ResponseSelected Lipids Unselected Nucleic acids Unselected Proteins Hide question 3 feedback Feedback Incorrect Carbohydrates are compounds made primarly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that store the most energy. Generally, these are known as sugars. These molecules are required for cellular respiration and ATP production. Lipids and fats store energy, but are not used in ATP production. Proteins do not store energy and instead provide the raw materials for the body to build other molecules, called amino acids. Question 4 5 / 5 points Durnig the digestive process, the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which organ? Unselected Esophagus Unselected Stomach Unselected Large intestine Selected Small intestine Hide question 4 feedback Feedback Correct The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, and specifically in the duodenum. The esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach, and the stomach is the site of chemical digestion, but not the absorption of nutrients. Question 5 5 / 5 points The organ responsible for filtering up to 95% of the water from blood and maintaining body pH is the Selected kidney. Unselected gall bladder. Unselected urethra. Unselected pancreas. Hide question 5 feedback Feedback Correct The kidneys are the body's filtration system, and are responsible for filtering out the fluids in the body. The biproduct of this is called urine and is removed from the body Question 6 5 / 5 points Which of the following is not a type of neuron found in the body? Unselected Interneurons Unselected Motor neurons Unselected Sensory neurons Selected Endocrine neurons Hide question 6 feedback Feedback Correct Sensory neurons carry signals from organs to the central nervous system. Motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to muscles to control movement. Interneurons process information going between the other two types of neurons. Endocrine neurons do not exist. Question 7 5 / 5 points The structural part of the nerve cells that carries the impulse away, toward another cell or muscle is called the Unselected nodes. Selected axons. Unselected cell bodies. Unselected dendrites. Hide question 7 feedback Feedback Correct Dendrites are projections off the cell body that receive other nerve impulses, while axons are large tails, often covered in myelin sheaths, that carry signals onto the next stop in their journey. Question 8 5 / 5 points Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which anti-depressant medications function? Unselected Allow the body to produce more neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin Unselected Made of artificial neurotransmitters that generate excitement Selected Help maintain a balance in neurotransmitters such as serotonin Unselected Provide a positive rush of the neurotransmitter dopamine Hide question 8 feedback Feedback Correct Anti-depressant medications help the body maintain a balanced, homeostasis level of neurotransmitters, often serotonin. Question 9 5 / 5 points A person with a traumatic brain injury now exhibits some symptoms including erradic, impulsive behavior, worse judgement than usual of risky situations, and odd social behaviors and violent mood swings. Based on these symptoms, which area of the brain was most likely invovled in the injury? Selected Frontal lobe Unselected Thalamus Unselected Temporal lobe Unselected Cerebellum Hide question 9 feedback Feedback Correct The frontal lobe of the brain, behind the forehead, is strongly associated with motor function, sponteneity, impulsive behavior, judgement decisions, and social behaviors and mood. Question 10 5 / 5 points When a bone is broken, such as when a child falls from a tree, the fragments and areas around the break must be broken down by other cells before new bone growth can happen and heal. Which cells break down old bone tissue? Unselected Osteocytes Selected Osteoclasts Unselected Osteoblasts Unselected Marrow cells Hide question 10 feedback Feedback Correct Bone tissue destruction occurs from cells called osteoclasts. Bone building occurs from osteoblasts. Bone cells themselves are called osteocytes. Question 11 5 / 5 points Which of the follow best decribes the function of a ligament? Unselected Connect muscles to the nervous system Selected Connect bones to other bones Unselected Connect muscles to bones Unselected Connect muscles to other muscles Hide question 11 feedback Feedback Correct Ligaments connect bones to other bones. Tendons connect bones to muscles. Question 12 5 / 5 points The inside lining of many of the tubes in the digestive tract, such as the esophagus are actually muscular. Which type of muscle tissue would be seen, if these tissues were put under a microscope? Selected Smooth muscle Unselected Cardiac muscle Unselected Striated muscle Unselected Skeletal muscle Hide question 12 feedback Feedback Correct Smooth muscle cells often only contain a single nucleus and their movements are involuntary, such as their movement during swallowing. Skeletal muscle is ordinarily striated and voluntary, with many nuclei involved in their cells. Cardiac muscles have fewer nuclei that skeletal muscles cells, but are also involuntary in their movement, which keeps the heart beating. Question 13 5 / 5 points Too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiatioin from the sun can cause which of the following conditions in the integumentary system? Unselected Allergic reactions Selected Skin cancers Unselected Vitamin D deficiency Unselected Acne Hide question 13 feedback Feedback Correct Exposure to UV radiation damages DNA which can result in skin cancers, such as melanoma. Question 14 5 / 5 points Which of the following is not a component of blood? Unselected Red blood cells Unselected White blood cells Selected Pulmonary fluid Unselected Platelets Hide question 14 feedback Feedback Correct Platelets help blood clot and heal wounds, red blood cells bind and carry oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells circulate to help the immune system, and plasma is the liquid that makes up the majority of blood. Question 15 5 / 5 points Which antibodies would be found in the blood stream for someone whose blood type was O positive (O+)? Unselected No antibodies Unselected B antibodies Selected A and B antibodies Unselected A antibodies Hide question 15 feedback Feedback Correct The letter (A, B, or O) describes which antigens are present on blood cells. The opposite antibodies circulate in the blood stream. In the case of people with blood type O, they are universal donors but can only receive other type O blood because they have antibodies that recognize both A and B antigens as invaders. Question 16 5 / 5 points Elevated levels of which of the following would increase the risk for atherosclerosis, which could eventually lead to heart attack or stroke? Selected LDL cholesterol Unselected Statins Unselected HDL cholesterol Unselected Insulin Hide question 16 feedback Feedback Correct There are two types of cholesterol. LDL is considered "bad" cholesterol, and clogs arteries, while HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol and helps break up LDL. Statis are medications people can take that raise HDL levels. Question 17 5 / 5 points Which of the following describes the role of the pulmonary artery during blood circulation? Selected Carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs Unselected Carries oxygen poor blood from the lungs to the heart Unselected Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart Unselected Carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the lungs Hide question 17 feedback Feedback Correct The pulomary artery carries blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs, where it receives oxygen. Though it is an artery, because it carries blood away from the heart, it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood, and would be color coded blue on diagrams Question 18 5 / 5 points Which structure in the lungs is the site of gas exchange between CO2 and oxygen? Unselected Larynx Unselected Epiglottis Selected Alveoli Unselected Vili Hide question 18 feedback Feedback Correct Gas exchange occurs between the blood inside of capillaries and the alveoli sacs in the lungs. Question 19 5 / 5 points During puberty many changes in the body begin to occur. In males, more testosterone is produces while estrogen becomes more prevelent in females. These changes are largely induced by which gland of the endocrine system? Selected Pituitary gland Unselected Adrenal glands Unselected Pineal gland Unselected Parathyroid glands Hide question 19 feedback Feedback Correct The pituitary gland plays an important role in growth and beginning the chemical changes that accompany puberty. Question 20 5 / 5 points You would need secondary messenger molecules, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) for cells to be able to have a response to which of the following? Unselected Statins Unselected Hemoglobin Selected Nonsteroidal hormones Unselected Steroid hormones Hide question 20 feedback Feedback Correct Non-steroidal hormones do not enter the cell membrane. Instead, they bind to the outside of the cell and rely on other chemicals to transfer their message into the cell and initiate a response. Question 21 5 / 5 points Which of the following terms describes a collection of hollow cells that implants on the uterus wall after fertilization, but is not yet differentiated (in other words, all cells are the same type of cell still)? Unselected Mitosis Selected Blastocyst Unselected Fetus Unselected Haploid Hide question 21 feedback Feedback Correct Once an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it begins to divide by mitosis into a 2, 4, and then 8 celled structure. Eventually, this large collection of cells keeps dividing and becomes a hallow collection of undifferentiated cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst will implant on the wall of the uterus where it will begin to grow and develop during pregnancy into a fetus. Question 22 0 / 5 points The major difference between B cells and T cells is that Unselected B cells do not produce antibodies. Unselected T cells always circulate in the blood stream. Correct AnswerUnselected B cells always circulate in the blood stream. Incorrect ResponseSelected T cells do not produce antibodies. Hide question 22 feedback Feedback Incorrect B cells and T cells both produce antibodies. However, B cells circulate throughout the body, while T cells must first mature in the Thymus. Question 23 0 / 5 points The process of introducing a harmless pathogen into the body so that the body can develop antibodies that remember it later is called what? Correct AnswerUnselected Passive immunity Unselected Infusion Incorrect ResponseSelected Vaccination Unselected Differentiation Hide question 23 feedback Feedback Incorrect Vaccination involves introducing dead or weakened versions of a pathogen to the immune system, so that antibodies can be made and circulate. These antibodies aid in the detection and destruction of the pathogen the next time that it invades the body. Question 24 5 / 5 points Food poisoning is typically the result of which type of pathogen, which can usually be treated with antibiotics? Unselected Fungi Unselected Parasite Unselected Virus Selected Bacteria Hide question 24 feedback Feedback Correct There are four general types of pathogens. Bacteria, such as E. coli are living things that grown on protein rich sources such as foods. They can be killed with high heat, or treated with antibiotics Viruses are non-living and cannot be treated with antibiotics. Fungi have their own cell membranes and organelles, which makes antibiotics harder to use. Parasites are living organisms that live and feed off of their host.