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Phrasal verbs (get up, break down, fill in etc.)
Phrasal verbs (get up, break down, fill in etc.)
(a) Глаголы часто употребляют со следующими словами:
on off in out up down away back
over about round forward through along
Мы часто употребляем следующие слова с глаголами
движения. Например:
get on The bus was full. We couldn't get on.
drive off She got into the car and drove off.
come back Tom is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.
turn round When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned round.
Однако часто эти слова (on/off/up/down и т.д.)
изменяют смысл глагола.
Например:
- Sorry I'm late. The car broke down.
- Look out! There's a car coming.
- It was my first flight. I was very nervous as the plane took off.
- I was so tired this morning that I couldn't get up.
- How did you get on in your examination yesterday?
Такие словосочетания (break down/get up/get on..)
являются фразеологическими глаголами.
(b) Иногда фразеологические глаголы имеют дополнение.
Обычно возможны две позиции этих дополнений.
Так, можно сказать:
дополнение дополнение
I turned off the light. или I turned the light off.
Вот еще несколько примеров:
- Could you | fill in this form? fill this form in? |
- It's warm. | Take off your coat. Take your coat off. |
- The fire-brigade soon arrived and | put out the fire. put the fire out. |
- I think I'll | throw away these old newspapers. throw these old newspapers away. |
- The police got into the house by | breaking down the door. breaking the door down. |
Иногда дополнением к фразеологическому глаголу
является местоимение (it/them/me/you/him/her/us).
Такие местоимения стоят перед on off in out
up down и т.д.:
- They gave me a form and told me to fill it in. (но не `fill in it')
- Ann's asleep. Don't wake her up. (но не `wake up her')
- `What shall I do with these old newspapers?' `Throw them away.'
- Here's the money you need. Don't forget to pay me back.
(c) Иногда употребляют конструкцию
фразеологический глагол + предлог.
Например:look forward to / keep up with/
cut down on.
Дополнение всегда ставится после предлога:
- Are you looking forward to your holiday?
- You're walking too fast. I can't keep up with you.
- Jack has cut down on smoking. He only smokes five cigarettes a day
now.