1) Никель. Niccolum
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that some nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans and that metallic nickel may possibly be carcinogenic to humans. The EPA has determined that nickel refinery dust and nickel subsulfide are human carcinogens.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=244&tid=44
The general public may also be exposed through nickel-plated materials, such as coins, jewelry, and stainless steel cooking and eating utensils.
http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/nickel
2) Хром. Chromium
Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent chromium (Cr III) and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI). Exposure may occur from natural or industrial sources of chromium. Chromium III is much less toxic than chromium (VI). The respiratory tract is also the major target organ for chromium (III) toxicity, similar to chromium (VI). Chromium (III) is an essential element in humans. The body can detoxify some amount of chromium (VI) to chromium (III).
Human studies have clearly established that inhaled chromium (VI) is a human carcinogen, resulting in an increased risk of lung cancer. Animal studies have shown chromium (VI) to cause lung tumors via inhalation exposure.
http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/chromium.html
http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/chromium.html#ref3
3) Оксид кремния. Silica. A lung Carcinogen. (В эмалях)
The report says while there is some low-level silica exposure on beaches and in ambient air in general, there is no evidence such low-level exposure causes health effects. The more concerning exposures occur on the job, most often in the construction industry. Exposure occurs when workers cut, grind, crush, or drill silica-containing materials such as concrete, masonry, tile, and rock. About 320,000 workers are exposed in general industry operations such as brick, concrete, and pottery manufacturing, as well as operations using sand products, such as foundry work. Others are exposed during sandblasting. Silica exposure also occurs from hydraulic fracturing (fracking) of oil and gas wells.
The most effective measures for the control of occupational silica exposures include banning sandblasting, substituting metal grits for abrasive blasting, modifying processes and equipment, and controlling dust transmission by using enclosures, air curtains, water spray, and ventilation techniques, and the use of personal protective equipment.
http://pressroom.cancer.org/silica
4) Оксид титана или диоксид титана. Titanium dioxide (В эмалях)
Titanium dioxide dust, when inhaled, has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen, meaning it is possibly carcinogenic to humans.[56] The findings of the IARC are based on the discovery that high concentrations of pigment-grade (powdered) and ultrafine titanium dioxide dust caused respiratory tract cancer in rats exposed by inhalation and intratracheal instillation.[57] The series of biological events or steps that produce the rat lung cancers (e.g. particle deposition, impaired lung clearance, cell injury, fibrosis, mutations and ultimately cancer) have also been seen in people working in dusty environments.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_dioxide#Health_and_safety
Последние 3 компонента опасны в случае, если вдыхать их пыль. Никель вредно кушать.
Соответственно, выбирая из нержавеющей и эмалированной посудой, стоит отдать предпочтение либо nickel-free нержавейке, либо эмалированной.
Кастрюлеведние.
Часть 2. Об эмалированной посуде
Часть 3. Сравнение нержавейки и эмалированной посуды
Часть 4. Заключительная. Выбор материалов для кухни