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Morning 04-09-2005 12:59


The weather is fine today.

LI 3.9.25
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Portman 03-09-2005 16:30


Since she made her debut at the age of 12 in the 1994 thriller Leon, Natalie Portman has become one of the hottest young stars around, combining roles in blockbusters (the Star Wars series, Cold Mountain) with such cult favorites as Beautiful Girls and Mars Attacks!


This month she's back on the big screen in Garden State, a quirky comedy directed by and starring Zach Braff (best known for the small screen sitcom Scrubs) as a man trying to get over the death of his mother. Portman stars as Sam, who helps him come to terms with his tragic loss.


Here, Portman talks about her role in the film, her time at university and what it's really like to be in Star Wars.


After your adventures in the Star Wars films Garden State must seem like a breath of fresh air, doesn’t it?


“It’s a film that doesn’t really fit into any genre. Movies now are so often made to mimic other successful movies – the romantic comedy, the thriller, the action movie – which are so formulaic that you can guess the ending after the first five minutes. So it was nice to see something like this that was much messier, like life, that doesn’t fit into any category, that doesn’t go with anything we’ve seen before. It just has these unique experiences and unique characters.”


What are the key differences between smaller films like this and big blockbusters like the Star Wars movies?


“I think the greatest thing about having no money to make the film is that you don’t have time to waste. You keep going, there’s no going back to your trailer for two hours while they do a lighting set up. When you go back and have a little nap between scenes, or talk to your agent or whatever you do between scenes, that breaks your momentum. But you really feel here that we were working together as a team on this movie.”


Is there nothing you miss about the lavish treats you get to enjoy on a major studio film though?


“There are some, like having a big comfortable trailer and perks like that. But it was wonderful here too because you actually got to meet people much more and with a smaller crew you got to talk to them between takes. You’d sit there and learn about them, what kind of music they might like, why they want to work in film and what their passions are. That was a really great experience.”


How was the evident bond between the cast achieved?


“Zach and [co-star] Peter Sarsgaard came down to my university one weekend, and we all went out and partied together. That’s a great way to start out because it breaks down all barriers and we kept that sort of mood on set. There was very much a party atmosphere, like we were joking and hanging out. I think you feel that in the film, that there was this sense of friends being with each other.”


What was it made you take time off from your career to study at university?


“I actually worked while I was at university, but I only worked in the summer time so it wasn’t like I took a four year break or anything. I never worked during the school year, so kept the same pattern that I had done at school. It was never really a question for me, it was something I’d always wanted to do. To be an actor you have to be a person who’s engaged in the world, whether that’s through school or through travel or through meeting people and listening to them and learning about peoples’ lives I think that’s the most important thing. You’re trying to imagine other peoples’ lives and where imagination takes you. Having knowledge and first hand experience can really feed that imagination. So it was never really a question for me, university was an amazing experience.”


Zach’s character in the film has an awkward homecoming, when his friends think he has become a famous actor. Did anything similar ever happen to you?


“No, because I never really left home. I live on my own now, but in the same neighbourhood that I grew up in so I have the same friends that I’ve had since I was little. And I’ve been acting since I was 12 so they’ve pretty much always known me as an actress, so it wasn’t any big change.”


What was the experience of working with Zach like, with him directing a film for the first time?


“I didn’t feel too nervous about it, probably because he wasn’t nervous. He put me and everyone else at ease. He was very confident, very much a leader and really knew what he wanted to do. But he was very relaxed with it. A lot of directors, even experienced ones, get so stressed out because it’s such a difficult job. There’s so much to think about, to be in control of, and being in charge is hard because it has to be done with a great amount of humanity. People sometimes have a hard time keeping their vision intact while being humane to the people they work with. Zach was really wonderful about that, he really made this very collaborative feeling that everyone had a part to play. So it was really nice to work on.”


Do you have a favorite moment in the film?
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1 03-09-2005 00:46


1

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Dream 20-08-2005 14:02


I want she came to see me

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Heather 20-08-2005 01:52


I have a letter

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English 19-08-2005 01:47


I do my best to know it better.

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Ass like that Eminem 15-08-2005 00:43



The way you shake it, I can't believe it
I ain't never seen an ass like that
The way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

I don't believe it, it's almost too good to be true
I ain't never seen an ass like that
The way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

The way she moves she's like a belly dancer
She's shaking that ass to that new nelly jam, I
Think someones at the door
But I don't think I'm gonna answer
Police saying "freeze"
Doing, doing, doing
What do you mean freeze?
Please, I'm a human being, I have needs
I'm not done, not till I'm finish peeing
I am not resisting arrest, I am agreeing Mr. Officer
I'm already on my knees
I can't get on the ground any further, it's impossible for me
And do not treat me like a murderer, I just like to pee, pee, pee
Yes, I make r&b, I sing song it go
Ring-a-chong, a-ching-chong-chong-chong-ching
Psych, I joke, I joke, I kidd, I kidd
If I offend I'm sorry, please, please forgive
For I am Triumph, the puppet dog, I am a mere puppet
I can get away with anything I sing, you will love it

The way you shake it, I can't believe it
I ain't never seen an ass like that
The way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

Jessica Simpson, looks oh so temptin'
Nick I ain't never seen an ass like that
Everytime I see that show on MTV my pee pee goes
Doing, doing, doing

Mary-Kate and Ashley used to be so wholesome
Now they're getting older, they're starting to grow bum bums
I go to the movies and sit down with my pop corn
Police saying "freeze"
Doing doing doing
What do you mean freeze?
Geez, I just got my seat
I have ticket, look, I put away my zipper zipped
Please do not remove me from this movie theater please
I did not even get to see Mary-Kate shower scene
I didn't mean to be obscene or make a great big scene
And don't treat me like I'm pee wee herman, this movies PG
Mr. Officer, I demand to see my attorney
I will simply plead innocent, cop a plea and be free
Free, yes, free, right back on the streets
What you mean my lawyer's with Michael, he's too busy?
I am Triumph, Britney Spears has shoulders like a man
And I can say that and you'll laugh cuz that is a puppet on my hand

The way you shake it, I can't believe it
I ain't never seen an ass like that
The way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

Hilary Duff is not quite old enough so
I ain't never seen a butt like that
Maybe next year I'll say ass and she'll make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

The way she moves she dances like a go-go
In that video she sings get out your bozo
I need a new boyfriend, hi my name is JoJo
Police saying "freeze"
Doing, doing, doing
What do you mean freeze?
My computers would be seized and my keys to my ranch
I just baked cookies Mr. Officer, looky, take a whiff of these
Here, I make Jesus juice, take a sip of this
Nobody is safe from me, no not even me
I don't even know if I can say the word pee pee, pee
On the radio, but I think I did
Janet, is that a breast, I think I just saw a tit
Psych, I joke, I joke, I kidd, I kidd
I don't think my joke is working, I must flee quick
Get to the chopper, everybody get out
I am not Triumph, I am Arnold, get down

The way you shake it, I can't believe it
I ain't never seen an ass like that
The way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

So Gwen Stefani, will you pee pee on me please?
I ain't never seen an ass like that
Cuz the way you move it, you make my pee pee go
Doing, doing, doing

Fuck is wrong with you? (ha!)

LI 3.9.25
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Woman 13-08-2005 19:22


Pro-rector for science at the National Health Institute Candidate of Biological Sciences, Rinad Minvaleyev, says that according to the traditional sexology books normal coitus between a man and a woman lasts for 2-3 minutes in general. Longer coitus falls under the record category. The coitus of 2-3 minutes is an averaged result for an ordinary man who has sex once a week and thus agrees with his physiologic rhythm. Main goal of such coitus is conception or just a burst of energy.
As we know from the traditions of the East (India, China, etc.), people’s sexual life had much bigger importance than only conception. An act prolonged for an unlimited period was some sort of a spiritual life, and the Tantra methods prove this. Tantra treats prolonged sex as a method to reveal new physical and spiritual states in a man. A group of researchers who take an active interest in yoga decided to conduct an experiment to prove or disprove these statements,” the researcher says.
Several heterosexual couples volunteered to have sex with electronic tonometer sensors fastened to their hands and in presence of the researchers. The experiment revealed that the bodies of men and women react in different ways when reach an orgasm. Either heartbeat dropped to 10-12 beats a minute and consequently the blood pressure considerably increased, or the heartbeats became more rapid and the blood pressure dropped. One of the volunteers even registered no pulse within 4 minutes, and it had no effect upon his health.
There are parasympathetic and sympathetic sections of the human nervous system, Rinad Minvaleyev says. The parasympathetic section controls recovery of the organism and renewal of cells; it functions when a man is sleeping. And the sympathetic section is responsible for man’s energy, for the hormones of adrenalin and noradrenalin in blood. If the pulse drops and the blood pressure increases our organism restores under the control of the parasympathetic section of the nervous system. Otherwise, we experience collapse.
People do not feel tired if the parasympathetic reaction prevails while having sex. In other words, in this case sex actually helps people prolong their life. In case the sympathetic reaction prevails during sex, people feel prostrated after sex and absolutely inert.
The experiment revealed that partners mostly have a sympathetic reaction to an orgasm if an act lasts about 10-15 minutes. During a longer sexual act, the human organism switches over to the parasympathetic section to restore the functions. As a result, both partners feel energetic and strong after having sex; they become very intimate after such contacts.
It is known that men often have to make presents to their women in exchange for having sex, or make some other compensation. Women who ask for presents in exchange for sex have a dominating sympathetic section of the nervous system during sex; they get tired after having sex and as a result ask for compensation. However there are women with a dominating parasympathetic section. They ask for no presents, live with a man, take care of him and get much positive energy in having sex. So, a prolonged sexual contact of 30-40 minutes and longer is a source of great spiritual power.
Longer sex is actually an art for men. There are men who are rather strong in the sexual aspect by birth. Yoga may help have longer sex: it opens new spots on the body that help people control themselves. It is important to learn to inhibit the ejaculation reflexes through the cerebral cortex. It is also important to have sex with a beloved woman who may also help make sex longer. One-night stands and sex with prostitutes will not make men’s spiritual life better, they may rather result in impotence. The researchers who conducted the experiment say they have studied what we call Love. “We have derived the formula of ideal love,” they add.
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Man 13-08-2005 19:20


A Macedonian, who was traveling by car in Italy with his wife and child, left his wife at the petrol station accidentally and realized that only after six hours of driving.
This incident took place on the coast at the resort town Pesaro, where the couple and their 4-year-old daughter stopped to fill in the tank on their way home to Germany. Having refueled the car, the man drove away without even noticing that his 30-year-old wife (she was in the bathroom at the moment) was actually not in the car with him.
The woman had to face quite a problem: she had no money and no documents. Everything had been left in the car. She applied to the police, who found her husband on the way to Milan, 340km away from Pesaro.
The nebbish husband explained to police officers that he did not notice that his wife was missing, because she always sits at the back with their daughter.
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Cool cat 13-08-2005 19:19


Two women attempted to experience sexual pleasure from an intimate contact with a cat. The weird endeavor ended rather sad for one of the women: she was hospitalized with severe genital injuries.
Doctors arrived to hospitalize a woman, who had suffered from unexpected bleeding, as they were told on the phone. They saw a woman lying on the sofa. The woman was wearing only a jumper. Streaks of blood could be seen on her legs. The woman's friend was speechless to explain what happened. The woman was taken to the gynecological department of the local hospital, where doctors determined the unusual character of the genital injuries. Stitching the wounds, they supposed that a sex maniac had attacked the woman and injured her in the crotch. The truth, however, surpassed all expectations. When the woman recovered, she confessed that she had been injured during her love act with a cat. The woman's name was Svetlana. Her husband, an entrepreneur, was constantly away on business trips. That day he was out of town too. Svetlana was bored and she decided to visit her friend, Vera. The two women had some wine and started talking about intimate matters. Vera was the first, who suggested trying something totally unusual: "Do you wanna try the real thing?" asked she. When Vera clarified, what the real thing was about, Svetlana was terrified. However, the idea seemed to be attractive to her after the women talked about it and had some more wine. "Life is too short, one has to try everything!" Svetlana decided. Vera brought in a cat. The cat named as Timka was living in the house for quite a long time. Vera took her clothes off, put the light out and played an adult movie on the video recorder. She lied down, took a bottle of valerian and poured some on her most intimate body part. When the cat smelled valerian, he started licking it away, putting Vera in the state of ecstasy. "Now it is your turn, you try," Vera told Svetlana when she was done. "You know, my friend, there is nothing better than the cat's little tongue," said she. When the cat started licking valerian off from Svetlana, something happened to the animal. Timka probably took too much of the medication: he started licking the liquid away but all of a sudden he seized the genitals of the poor woman with his claws and teeth. Svetlana screamed and tried to push the fierce pet lover away from her, but the cat wouldn't let go. Vera hurried to help her friend: she emptied a bucket of water on the cat and threw the animal out of the house. When she saw that Svetlana was bleeding, she called an ambulance. When Svetlana returned home from the hospital, she had to tell the story to her husband, Boris. The man could not take the fact that his wife preferred having oral sex with a cat: Boris kicked Svetlana out of the house and the abandoned woman had to stay with her mother. The offended man is not going to forgive his wife: the couple is currently divorcing. It is noteworthy that lonely women often use their pets (cats or dogs, regardless of sex) to satisfy their sexual needs. Such pet adventures often lead to lamentable consequences - not for pets, but for orgasm-craving women, as a rule. An overdose of valerian can make the loveliest cat become a fierce and aggressive animal.

Pravda.ru
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Cool bull 13-08-2005 19:17


cool bull.jpg (170x130, 7Kb)
A cow and a bull were caught during an act of love in public, which they arranged in the Kaliningrad region of Russia. The two loving animals "did it" in an office supplies shop.
"A cow unexpectedly barged into the open doors of an office supplies shop in the town of Pionersky, in Russia's Kaliningrad enclave. A bull followed the cow and entered the shop too. Several seconds later the bull mounted the cow and the animals started making love right in front of the eyes of the flabbergasted salesgirl. The animals were passionate: several counter displays were crushed in the act of love," an eyewitness said. The woman ran out of the shop and even forgot to push the emergency button underneath the counter. Passers-by and security guards could not stop the animals from completing the reproduction process, Interfax reports. When they pushed the animals out of the shop, eight counters were found in ruins.
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Biolodgy 10-07-2005 08:48


very important for us

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Night 08-07-2005 01:33


I am pleased to be here at night!
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Frog 11-06-2005 13:59


One day, a man on a golf course, was having a really lousy game. Just as he was about to hit the ball, he heard a voice behind him. "Ribbit 9 iron, ribbit 9 iron." He turned around and there was a frog on the green. "OK frog, we'll just see how much you know," said the man. He used the 9 iron and hit a hole in one. The man decides to take the frog with him to the next hole. "What do you think, frog?" "Ribbit 3 wood, ribbit 3 wood." After golfing the most amazing game of his life, the man takes the frog to the casino. "What do you think frog?" "Ribbit black 21, ribbit black 21." After winning around 40,000 dollars, the man takes the frog up to his hotel room and sits it on the bed. "OK frog, you've done so much for me, is there anything I can do for you?" "Ribbit kiss me, ribbit kiss me." So, the man leaned over and kissed the frog. It turned into a beautiful woman named Monica.
"And that, your honor, is how she got into my room, or my name isn't William Jefferson Clinton!"

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Price 11-06-2005 13:59


A guy was driving when a policeman pulled him over. He rolled down his window and said to the officer,
"Is there a problem, Officer?"
"No problem at all. I just observed your safe driving and am pleased to award you a $5,000 Safe Driver Award. Congratulations. What do you think you're going to do with the money?"
The driver thought for a minute and said, "Well, I guess I'll go get that drivers' license." The lady sitting in the passenger seat said to the policeman, "Oh, don't pay attention to him - he's a smart butt when he's drunk and stoned." The guy from the back seat said, "I TOLD you guys we wouldn't get far in a stolen car!"
At that moment, there was a knock from the trunk and a muffled voice said, "Are we over the border yet?"


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DO it 31-03-2005 23:38


An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
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Winter 18-01-2005 22:19


is not good
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Autotrophs 15-01-2005 16:42


Autotrophs: new kind of humans appears who neither drink nor eat
It is not ruled out that they will replace us at a new evolution stage
People all around the world were storming supermarkets and grocery stores on Christmas and New Year's Eve. There was a small group of people, though, who did not even think about eating anything for Christmas. In fact, they do not think about food at all. Such people call themselves autothrophs v they do not eat at all. The term designates an organism that makes its own food. Autotrophs can go on hunger strikes for years and even decades.
Irina Novozhilova, the president of the center for protection of animals' rights, expressed her nion about phenomenal individuals, who can live without food and water.
¦The idea to turn down food as it is appeared long ago. Russian philosophers, particularly Vernadsky, were thinking about a possibility for a human being to live on something non-material. Vernadsky was certain that man is an energetic creature that can nourish himself from the energy of space. Some people can prove it today that it is possible to live a normal life without physical food.
¦All living beings on our planet can be divided into two categories v autotrophs and heterotrophs. The majority of plants constitute the first category v they receive energy from non-organic substances v sunshine or air v and process it during the photosynthesis. Humans and animals make the second category: they nourish themselves with other living beings. Therefore, the people, who can live on the solar and space power, are closer to plants than to other humans. There is a group of autotrophs in Moscow. They gather in the Konstantin Vasiliev Museum, where they share experience with others. If a woman breastfeeds her child until it turns seven years old, for example, a child will be able to become an autotroph already by eight v simply and painlessly. A mother neither drinks nor eats, but she has enough milk to feed the baby. There are such women in Moscow. I often interact with people, who reject food completely. At first they become vegans - they exclude all products of animalistic origin from their menu in other words. After that they gradually turn down the vegetal food too. When people stop eating physical food, they also stop consuming any kind of liquid. They drink nothing.
¦I would not say that scanty nourishment exerts a negative influence on their state of health. They are rather vigorous and cheerful people. However, I would like to warn everyone that it is impossible to quit drinking water and eating food in a moment. It should be done slowly, step by step, with short-term temporary starvation. A lethal outcome would be inevitable otherwise. A person will be killed either with starvation or their own wastes. The 70-year-old Indian yogi Pralad Djani is one of the most renowned contemporary autotrophs. This man has not been eating or drinking anything for 62 years, since the age of six. Indian doctors examined and tested him: they placed the man in a special room, outfitted the room with surveillance cameras and sealed the bathroom. As it turned out, Pralad Djani's body was functioning absolutely normally. The body was producing urine, although it was being absorbed into the urinary bladder. The yogi said that he was receiving water from air. He also said that there was a tiny hole in the palate, from which drops of ?heavenly¦ water penetrated into his mouth.
¦Russia's most famous autotroph's name is Zinaida Baranova. The old lady from the city of Krasnodar is 67 years old. She was approaching her new existence very slowly. At first she gave up meat, then she turned vegetables down. She has been living without food and water for 4.5 years already. Scientists of the Bauman Institute examined her organism and were very surprised to find out that the woman's biological age corresponded to 20 years. Professor Spiridonov came to conclusion that the pensioner was a perfectly healthy lady; all her systems and organs, except for the stomach, were functioning normally. Indeed, she is a very energetic and bubbly person. She got rid of all diseases, even chronic ones. She said, however, that it was rather hard for her to get used to the new lifestyle. She was suffering from cramps, exhaustion, dry mouth, etc. There were moments, when she thought she was dying. The woman's health improved in 1.5 months.
¦Doctors say that autotrophs make a fundamentally new type of self-sufficient human beings. It is not ruled out that they will replace us at a new evolution stage. Modern science has already confirmed the ability of a human being to maintain itself. Dietitians were recently saying that the B12 vitamin was naturally contained only in animal foods. Vegans, therefore, were supposed to die, since they could not receive the vitamin. However, doctors found out that the concentration of the B12 vitamin was fine with vegans. The situation became clear, when scientists
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Новоанглийский период 02-01-2005 12:48


В ранненовоанглийский период в связи с образованием нации и развитием культуры вырабатывается более сознательное отношение к родному, национальному языку. Английский язык перестает быть <домашним>, бытовым языком. Он становится языком литературным.
В связи с этим большое значение имело введение книгопечатания в Англии. Первыми книгами, напечатанными на английском языке, стали переводы с французского языка Вильяма Кэкстона и (1475 г.). Кэкстон был и первым издателем Чосера.
Появляются первые словари, а позднее и руководства по английскому языку: <Английское словозаконие Александра Гилла (1621 г.), <Английская грамматика Чарльза Батлера> (1634 г.).
В этот период создают свои произведения Уильям Шекспир, Кристофер Марло, Бенджамин Джонсон, Френсис Бомонт, Джон Флетчер и другие.
В XVI-XVII в.в. Ирландия присоединилась к Англии и английский язык распространился за пределы Британских островов, вытесняя местный ирский язык.
Великие географические открытия, установление связей с Италией, Испанией, Россией, Новым Светом вызвали наплыв заимствований из языков этих стран. Например, из итальянского языка в английский пришли слова : , , , ; из испанского - , , , ; из языков американских индейцев - , , , , , . Реставрация 1660 года вызвала приток новых заимствований из французского языка.
В начале XVII века, в связи с колонизацией Америки, английский язык распространился за океаном. Параллельно военно-политической борьбе шла и языковая борьба, в ходе которой английский язык вытеснил своих соперников - французский и испанский язык.

Различные варианты английского языка в США распределяются по трем группам диалектов:
1) Северо-восточный диалект (диалект Новой Англии).
2) Южный диалект.
3) Центральный юго-западный диалект (или <общеамериканский>).

Наиболее распространенным и важным из них является центральный юго-западный диалект, на основе которого выработался американский стандарт литературного английского языка. Так возникли два основных варианта английского литературного языка - американский английский и британский английский.
В XVI-XVII веках в связи с развитием политических и торговых связей Англии и России в английский язык проникает большое количество русских слов: boyar, tsar, altyn, rouble, copeck, verst, poud, telega, samovar, vodka, kvass и другие.
Позднее, когда Англия становится колониальной державой, в английский язык проникают слова из языков американских индейцев (, , ), туземцев Австралии (, ), южной Африки (, , ), Индии (, <сalico>, , .) Из малайских языков в английский вошли такие слова, как , <сookatoo>, , .
Наряду с заимствованными словами в английский язык проникли иноязычные словообразовательные нормы. Например, романский (французский) по происхождению суффикс - , образующий существительные женского пола, ( - <богиня>), вытеснил соответствующий старый суффикс (сравните с древнеанглийским словом ).
В связи с влиянием иноязычного словообразования в английском языке появились так называемые гибридные слова, то есть слова, в которых аффикс иноязычного происхождения, а корень - английский. Например:
Re-read
Re-tell
Re-new
Re-use

(французский преффикс сочетается с английским корнем - выражение повторности действия).
Readable
Flexible
Eatable
Movable
(французский суффикс () сочетается с английским корнем - выражение возможности совершения действия над предметом).
В результате заимствований в английском языке появились пары существительных и соответствующих им прилагательных, образованных из разноязычных корней. Например, существительное (<отец>) и прилагательное (латин. <отеческий>).наряду с сущ. (<рот>) и прил. (<устный>). Подобно этому различаются слова (<солнце>) и (<солнечный>) наряду с с соответствующей смысловой разницей: (<солнечный день>), но (<солнечная система>).
Такое же соотношение наблюдается и между глаголом и существительным (<видеть>) и (<зрение>, <видение>).
Таким образом, заимствование ведет к разрушению старых семантических групп.
В XVIII-XIX веках в новоанглийском языке сложился значительный слой интернациональных слов, т.е. слов, существующих приблизительно в одинаковом виде в целом ряде европейских языков. Эта лексика охватывает в основном научно-техническую и общественно-политическую терминологию.

Интернациональная лексика образуется из элементов разных языков, преимущественно греческого и латинского. Несмотря на то, что эти слова являются современными, они образуются из старых элементов. Например, слова , , , , образованы из древнегреческих элементов:
- <на расстоянии>
- <звук>
() - <пишу>
- <написанное>
() - <смотрю>, <вижу>
- <маленький>.
Несмотря на некоторые различия в произношении и написании интернациональных слов в разных языках, они, несомненно, понятны без перевода.

Итак, современный английский язык представляет собой результат долгого исторического развития. Все изменения в области его
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Среднеанглийские диалекты 02-01-2005 12:47


В среднеанглийский период общая совокупность диалектов делится на три основные группы:

а) северные диалекты, включающие шотландский и северный диалекты, сложившиеся на основе нортумбрийского диалекта;
б) центральные, или мидлендские диалекты, которые, в свою очередь, подразделяются на восточный и западный мидлендские диалекты, при этом в последнем различают северный западномидлендский и южный западномидлендский диалекты;
в) южные диалекты, включающие в себя кентский, эссекский и уэссекский диалекты.

После нормандского завоевания Лондон стал столицей Англии. Между всеми частями страны налаживались тесные связи, что требовало единого, понятного всем национального языка. Поэтому особое место среди среднеанглийских диалектов занимает лондонский диалект, объединивший черты восточноцентральных и южных диалектов и легший в основу новоанглийского национального языка.
Первым письменным памятником и официальным документом на лондонском диалекте является <Прокламация Генриха III> (1258 г.). Классическим образцом лондонского диалекта является язык великого писателя английского средневековья Джеффри Чосера (1340-1400 г.г.). Его наиболее известное произведение - <Кентерберийские рассказы> (). Во времена Чосера лондонский диалект уже начал перерастать в литературный язык.

LI 3.9.25
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