1. That is true. - Это правда.
Unfortunately it was true about his illness. - К сожалению, сообщение о его болезни оказалось правдой.
2. It is a true story. - Это правдивая истоия.
3. He informed me about the true state of affairs. - Он сообщил мне об истинном положении вещей.
4. She smiled with true amusement. - Она улыбнулась с неподдельной радостью.
It is true gold. - Это настоящее золото.
5. Who is the true owner of the land? - Кто законный владелец этой земли?
6. He was true to his word. - Он остался верен своему слову.

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[456x699]

1. The toilet is vacant. - Туалет свободен.
2. They keep a list of vacant jobs in the area. - У них есть перечень вакантных мест в этом районе.
3. She looked round her with a rather vacant expretion. - Она огляделась с отсутствующим выражением лица.
4. He is vacant all the summer. - Он бездельничает все лето.

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1. The document is valid for six months from the date of issue. - Документ действителен в течение шести месяцев с момента выдачи.
2. It was a valid protest. - Это был обоснованный протест.
3. This was the real reason, and it was a valid reason. - Такова была истинная прчина, и эта причина была уважительная.

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1. I heard their vicious remark behind my back. - Я слышала их злобные высказывания за своей спиной.
2. People are indigant at the vicious murder of the reporter. - Люди возмущены гнусным убийством корреспондента.
3. There is a vicious dog in the yard. - Во дворе - злая собака.
4. Where has he got into the vicious habit? - Где он преобрел эту дурную привычку?
Your arguments are vicious. - Ваши аргументы несостоятельны.
We have got to break out of this vicious circle. - Мы должны вырваться из этого порочного круга.
5. She took a medicine to relieve her vicious headache. - Она прняла таблетку, чтобы избавиться от этой ужастной головной боли.

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1. I heard their vicious remark behind my back. - Я слышала их злобные высказывания за своей спиной.
2. People are indigant at the vicious murder of the reporter. - Люди возмущены гнусным убийством корреспондента.
3. There is a vicious dog in the yard. - Во дворе - злая собака.
4. Where has he got into the vicious habit? - Где он преобрел эту дурную привычку?
Your arguments are vicious. - Ваши аргументы несостоятельны.
We have got to break out of this vicious circle. - Мы должны вырваться из этого порочного круга.
5. She took a medicine to relieve her vicious headache. - Она прняла таблетку, чтобы избавиться от этой ужастной головной боли.

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1. A woman dressed in white came to me. - Ко мне подошла женщина в беломюъ.
2. My grandfather went white at age of fifty. - Мой дедушка поседел в пятьдесят лет.
3. My sister went white with rage. - Моя сестра побледнела от злости.
4. We always drink white coffee. - Мы всегда пьем кофе со сливками.
5. They had never seen a white person before. - Они никогда до этого не видели белого человека.
6. She turned up the whites of her eyes. - Она закатила глаза.

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1. They have a wide assortment of goods. - У них широкий ассортимент товаров.
We stood on a wide, flat meadow. - Мы стояли на широком ровном углу.
2. Our living room is five metres wide. - Наша жилая комната - 5мметров в ширину.
3. The windows were wide open. - Окна были открыты настежь.
4. The gap between the poor and the rich is very wide indeed. - Пропасть между бедными и богатыми очень великаю

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1. We shot two wild ducks.
Мы пострелили двух диких уток.

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1. Your answer is wrong.
Ваш отает неверен.
2. I took the wrong train
Я сел не на тот поезд.
You have come to the wrong place.
Вы попали не по адресу.
3. She came at the wrong time.
Она пришла в неподходящее время.
4. Something is wrong with the phone.
Что-то случилось с телефоном.
5. She never did anything wrong.
Она никогда не делала ничего дурного.

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Only once had she ever thought of marriage. And that was in favour of a middle-aged, rheumatic widower with three children, a professor of chemistry, very learned and justly famous. For about a month she had thought herself in love. She pictured herself devoting her life to him, rubbing his poor left shoulder where it seemed he suffered most, and brushing his picturesque hair, inclined to grey. Fortunately his eldest daughter was a young woman of resource, or the poor gentleman, naturally carried off his feet by this adoration of youth and beauty, might have made an ass of himself. But apart from this one episode she had reached the age of twenty-three heart-whole.


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We have achieved impressive results in socio-economic policy recently. First of all it is necessary to emphasize positive changes in foreign investors’ attitude to Russia due to macroeconomic stabilization.
According to estimation of the Ministry of economic development and trade of the Russian Federation over the first three quarters GDP increased at 6,9 per cent compared to the same period of 2003, and according to the Federal agency of government statistics’ estimation industrial production rouse at 6,5 per cent. Accumulated investments in fixed capital amounted to 1490 bln. rubles over the first 3 quarters, in September 2004 investments in fixed capital totaled 267,8 bln. rubles with 108,7 per cent rate of growth compared to the same period of 2003.
According to the Ministry of economic development and trade of Russian Federation estimation total amount of accumulated foreign investments has reached 66,1 bln. US dollars by the end of June 2004. Largest unit weight in accumulated foreign investments falls at other investments, made on repayable bases (credits of international finance companies, trade credits and others), which amounted to 57,2 per cent (50,9% - by the end of June 2003), direct investments – 40,7% (46,7% - by the end of June 2003), portfolio investments – 2,1% (2,4% - by the end of June 2003).
Main countries investing in Russian economy still are Germany, Cyprus, Nederland, Luxemburg, Great Britain and the USA.
Positive image of Russia is forming in the world. Particularly, investment rating agency Moody’s in October 2003 raised rating of Russia to the investment level.
Industry, catering and trade become more and more attractive for foreign investors, as well as general commercial activities on market operations provision.
Public administration system’s reform
One of the key directions of structural reforms is an ongoing reform of the public administration system, which aimed at reduction of excessive government’s intervention in the economy. Substantial results have been achieved in realization of administrative reform concerning optimization of federal agencies’ structure and elimination of duplicating and excessive functions. In the course of the public administration reform considerable steps have been taken to debureaucratizate economy and to eliminate administrative barriers in entrepreneurial activity. Particularly a legislative draft has been worked out in order to increase the effectiveness of licensing aimed at reduction of licensable activities, specification of licensing agencies’ authorities and protection of entrepreneurs’ rights. The legislative draft was accepted by the State Duma of Russian Federation at the first reading.
It is necessary to point out the reform of technical regulation, which is directed to establish conditions for successful business development, harmonization of existent national and international standards. The basic law is accepted, and subordinate legislation is in process now.
Law enforcement reform
The law enforcement reform is meant to develop mechanisms of property rights’ protection including investors’ and shareholders’ rights protection, corporate conflicts settlement and arbitrage proceedings. There is a judicial reform is going on, directed at judgment effectiveness endorsement and providing independence of the courts of justice.
It is necessary to stress the measures taken to protect intellectual property. In June 2004 the Federal law “On authorship and adjoining rights” came into force providing harmonization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with international agreements, protection of authorship and adjoining rights. The main goal is to expand possibilities to counter illegal rights exercising, to protect consumers’ rights and to increase the volume of legal transactions.
Tax reform
Achievements in the tax system reformation are also rather impressive. Reduction of tax burden on the economy led to the improvement of companies’ financial state and to expansion of internal investment opportunities of the Russian economy. Since the 1st of January 2004 tax rate for operations with equaled 0,2 per cent from the nominal value of security issue (down from 0,8 per cent), the value added tax rate was reduced to 18 per cent. In June 2004 the President of the Russian Federation signed a Federal law concerning reduction of the basic tax rates of unified tax and the change in regression scale. Simultaneously a Federal law was signed which imply changes and additions to the second part of the Tax code, and expanding the list of entrepreneurship activities in relation to which the unified tax on the imputed income system was applied.
Antimonopoly legislation
The effectiveness of antimonopoly legislation is one of the main conditions of property rights protection aimed at competitiveness support. Necessary steps are taken to improve preventive control of abusing dominating position on the market. The problem of economic Читать далее...

American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as "Major" or "General" or "Doctor" in the case of a holder of a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The respectful "Sir" is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
However, it is best to use a person's title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called.
They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word "Hi" (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual "Hello," and "Howdy" instead of "How do you do?"
Those who don't easily show these signs of friendship are called "snooty" or "snobbish." In contrast, people who show such simple signs of friendship, particularly to their own economic and social inferiors, are praised as "regular guys," or as "truly democratic." As a description of character, democratic is generally used to signify that a person of high social or economic status acts in such a way that his or her inferiors are not reminded of their inferiority.
Yet, in spite of all the informality, Americans, even in the way they address each other, show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal "Hello" is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more apt to say "Hello, Mr. Ferguson," while the employer may reply "Hello, Jim." Southerners make a point of saying "Yes, sir," or "Yes, Ma'am," or "No, sir," or "No, Ma'am," when talking to an older person or a person in a position of authority. While this is good form all over the United Stales, "Yes. Mr. Weston" or "No, Mrs. Baker" is somewhat more common in a similar situation in the North or West.
Certain other forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Women may wear hats in church. in restaurants, and often when attending luncheons in public places and other public social functions except those that take place in the evening. Men who do wear hats ordinarily remove them in elevators, churches, restaurants, private homes, business offices - in fad, in most public situations when they wish to show respect.

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The man walked over to the perfume counter and told the clerk he would like a bottle of Christian Dior for his wife's birthday.
"A little surprise eh?" said the clerk.
"You bet," replied the man. "She is expecting a cruise."

* * *
Harry and Esther are out shopping one morning when Esther says, "Darling, it's my mother's birthday tomorrow. What shall we buy for her? She said she would like something electric." Harry replies, "How about a chair?"

* * *
"Doctor!" complained the patient; "I keep seeing spots before my eyes."
The doctor scratched his head. "Why have you come to me? Have you seen an ophthalmologist?"
"No," replied the patient, "just spots."

* * *
Mr. Johnson was overweight, so his doctor put him on a diet.
He said; "I want you to eat regularly for two days, then skip a day, and repeat this procedure for two weeks. The next time I see you, you should have lost at least five pounds."
When Mr. Johnson returned, he shocked the doctor by having dropped almost twenty pounds.
"Why, that's amazing!" the doctor told him. "You did this just by following my instructions?"
The slimmed down Mr. Johnson nodded. "I'll tell you, though, I though I was going to drop dead that third day."
"From hunger, you mean."
"No," replied Mr. Johnson, "from skipping."

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11 September, 2001

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I've had the week from hell. - У меня была ужасная неделя.
nightmare of a week - кошмарная неделя
I couldn't care less. - Мне совершенно безразлично (наплевать).
He's been really edgy / on edge / snapping at everyone. - Он ужасно раздражителен (готов наброситься на кого угодно без причины).
She threw a wobbly. - Она не в себе.
I had a complete fit. - Меня не на шутку разозлили.
She blew her top. - У нее "крыша" поехала.
Oh, Daniel makes my blood boil. - Даниэль приводит меня в бешенство.

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Хорошее у вас настроение или плохое - вы всегда сможете выразить свои чувства, используя разговорные выражения из нашей серии "Живой язык".
Хорошее настроение
I'm really buzzing! - У меня все просто здорово.
I'm having a really peachy time! - Я превосходно провожу время.
I'm walking on air! - Я на седьмом небе от счастья!
I'm on cloud nine! - Это просто блаженство!
I'm totally over the moon. - Я безумно счастлив!
Everything's cool. - Все здорово (отлично)!
I haven't got a care in the world - Меня ничто не тревожит (мне не о чем беспокоиться).

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Born in January 1968, Heather Mills McCartney is a Patron of Adopt-A-Minefield and a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador who has campaigned for over 14 years to raise funds and awareness to rid the world of landmines.

In August 1993, her life changed for ever when she was involved in a road accident with a police motorcycle and suffered numerous injuries including crushed ribs, a punctured lung, multiple fractures of the pelvis and the loss of her left leg below the knee.

Heather voluntarily counsels people from around the world who have lost limbs in accidents, through illness, natural disasters and terrorist atrocities. Her personal advice, determination and commitment help them and their families realise that they can continue to lead rich and fulfilling lives despite their injuries. She also lectures before audiences ranging in size from 30 to 3,000.

Just one year after her accident, Heather arranged for the first convoy of artificial limbs to be sent to Croatia. Since then thousands of amputees and survivors of landmine explosions around the world have been helped.

Heather’s charity work is particularly focused on the Adopt-A-Minefield campaign to clear landmines and help landmine survivors. She is the Founding Patron of Adopt-A-Minefield UK, and ambassador for the global campaign. Adopt-A-Minefield has raised over $17 million to date, funding clearance of over 21 million square metres of mined land and benefiting more than 400,000 people. Adopt-A-Minefield is now the largest funder of landmine clearance in the world and has funded over 300 minefield clearance and survivor assistance projects.

Heather has won numerous accolades and awards including, recently, the inaugural UNESCO Children in Need Award. The University of California honoured Heather with the Irvine Award and have established a Fellowship in her name. She also received an Open University Doctorate in 2004.

In December 2001, Heather made a return to modelling with a difference. After hearing her speak at the Mothers & Shakers Awards in New York, American clothing company I.N.C. asked Heather to front their International Concepts of Inspiration campaign. The successful campaign raised awareness and funds for Adopt-A-Minefield. To date INC have donated $100,000 to the charity.
Heather has been invited by legendary chat-show host Larry King to guest host two of his shows to date. ‘Larry King Live with Heather Mills McCartney and Paul Newman’ was broadcast worldwide on CNN. She recently covered the wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles and is looking forward to doing more presenting in the future.
Heather also recently launched a new campaign to stop the terrible international trade in cat and dog fur. More than two million animals are skinned alive in China each year purely for their pelts, and when Heather was sent a video exposing the cruelty, she felt she had to act. She joined Euro MP Struan Stevenson at the European Parliament in March 2005 to highlight the barbarity of this trade and brought it to the attention of the world’s media in September 2005 with high-profile protests in America in association with PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals).
In October 2002 Heather’s updated autobiography “A Single Step” was released in North America. All of Heather’s earnings from the book are donated to Adopt-A-Minefield.

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The World Cup is long over, and any hopes politicians may have had that the euphoria would lead to renewed faith in the government have been dashed. According to a new opinion poll, only one in five Germans think Chancellor Merkel's grand coalition has done a good job.
The government has been grappling with its reform agenda, including a controversial plan to change Germany's healthcare system. But disagreements over how to finance the system have revealed tensions in the government, and the plans have been criticised by unions and consumer groups.
The latest poll, carried out by the Infratest Dimap Institute, showed a majority of Germans are against the proposed health reforms. Business leaders and economists have also attacked the government's plans to raise value added tax next year, claiming the tax increases will drag down growth.
Since last November's election, Chancellor Merkel has presided over an awkward alliance between the Conservatives and Social Democrats, who in the past were traditional political rivals. While Chancellor Merkel has transformed the country's foreign policy, by mending relations with President Bush and playing a key role in the European Union, back home, critics have attacked her domestic policy agenda.
Chancellor Merkel's own popularity ratings have taken a battering. The survey shows Angela Merkel has lost her position as Germany's most popular politician, and her approval rating is down to 56% - the worst record since she was elected last autumn.
reform agenda - план преобразований (в экономической, политической и социальной сферах)
has come unstuck - не осуществился
have been dashed - зд. рухнули
has been grappling - пытается заниматься
controversial - вызывающий массу споров
healthcare system - систему здравоохранения
poll - социологический опрос
value added tax - налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС)
mending relations - улучшая отношения
have taken a battering - резко снизились

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English learners have a big advantage over learners of other languages: Hollywood is in America and it makes English-language movies. So, if you know English and you like movies, why don't you watch movies in English? You can have fun and, at the same time, learn a lot of English. If you are a fan of movies, you will notice that they are much better in the original. Watching a dubbed film will never be as good as watching the original version. Why? Because in the original version, the actor's voices are real. Everything is just like the director imagined. Learning English by watching movies is learning by input. First you get lots of correct English sentences into your head. Then you can imitate them and you can make your own sentences. And isn't that why you are learning English - to be able to make your own sentences? That is why watching movies (just like reading books) is such a great way to learn English. Of course, there are important differences between movies and books. With books, you learn how native speakers write in English. With movies, you learn how they speak English. You learn what words they use. When speaking, native speakers use words and phrases that you often won't find in a book. Spoken language is different from "book language". For example:
Book: The price of five dollars was acceptable, and I decided to purchase it.
Spoken: It was, like, five bucks, so I was like "okay".
In many movies, the dialog is like real spoken English. Movies also let you learn informal and slang words which are not yet in English dictionaries. For example, in a movie you might hear: Give me the freaking keys!, but you won't find the word "freaking" in a dictionary. You learn how they say these words. Movies let you improve your pronunciation, not only grammar and vocabulary. If you listen to Americans or Britons speaking English, you can learn to speak like they. You learn to understand spoken language. Movies are made for native speakers, not for learners of English. So the actors talk fast, just like native speakers talk in real life. How to learn as much as possible The difficulty of watching movies. You won't learn anything from the movie if you don't understand it. You probably won't enjoy it, either. :-(
This is one big problem with movies: They are much more difficult to understand than books. If you don't understand a word in a book, you can simply look it up in a dictionary, because the word is written there (you know its spelling). With a movie, you sometimes hear something, but you don't know what it is. Sometimes you don't even know if you've heard one word or two. There are other reasons why listening is more difficult than reading, and they all mean one thing: If you want to understand a movie, you have to know a lot of English words - and not only their spelling, but also their pronunciation. You can greatly improve your vocabulary by reading books, looking up words in your dictionary and repeating them. But even if you read 200 books in English, you would still not understand everything! There will always be some words that you didn't know before. And some of the dialog will be spoken very quickly and unclearly. (You should know that sometimes even Americans can't understand some of the dialog.) What to do when you don't understand something. If you are playing the movie from tape or CD, you can stop it whenever you don't understand a sentence. You can then play the sentence many times and try to look up words in a dictionary (which is not easy, because you have to guess the spelling!). Most CDs let you turn on subtitles. With subtitles, it is easy to look up difficult words in your dictionary, because you know the spelling. Learning techniques. What else can you do to learn from movies more effectively? The same things that you should do when reading books:
Pay attention to interesting things: new words, phrases, and grammar structures. Use your dictionary to learn about these interesting things. You can stop the movie to look up difficult words. You can also write down all the interesting sentences, and look them up later. But do use your dictionary!
Where to get movies in English?
Getting movies in English may be a problem if you are not in an English-speaking country. Most stores will have only movies dubbed in the local language. Dubbed movies help people who do not know English, but if you are an English learner, they are your greatest enemies:
How can you get original versions of movies? Here are some ideas that you can try:

" Your cable or satellite TV may have movie channels in English (for example, HBO is a popular channel which shows a lot of movies; unfortunately, it is not free).
" You can buy CDs or videotapes at specialized sites. (for example at our site.)
" In some countries, movie theaters (cinemas) show films with subtitles in the local language (and not dubbed movies). It is a good idea to watch them, especially if you can avoid reading Читать далее...

Let me introduce myself. I am…I am from………I was born in…I have been living in this town since my childhood.
Now I am going to tell you about my family. We are a family of five. We are friendly and getting on right.
My father is 45. He works as a surgeon in the hospital. He is neither old nor young, a good looking man,handsome,rather thin with dark hair just beginning to gray hare is a very sociable person. What I don’t like about him is that he is always busy. He works overtime, because he is the only bread-maker in our family. He is keen on tennis and moreover he is fond of going to the country and to deal with our country-cottage.
My mother is three years younger than he. She works as a teacher in the nursery school. My mother is rather slim and pretty, she is always elegant and smart. In short, she is a pleasant-looking woman of about 42.Paying attention to the fact of her being a teacher; she has got a great deal of work to do at home and at school. Sometimes it seems to me that it’s an endless business! Shopping and cooking is nearly half a day’s work for her. But my granny and I are in a habit of giving her a helping hand about the house.
Boris is my older brother. He is 6 years senior to me. So he is 22 already. He has graduated from the University. He is an economist. He is married and his wife is a journalist. They are three in the family. They have got a child – my nephew. He is a small boy with golden hair and dark brown eyes and a spirit that is always bright and happiest a little bit naughty.
And finally just a few words concerning my granny. To tell the truth se is my best friend. She always listens to my endless stories about friends and school life. She is retired on pension now. I must admit, she is really an understanding person.
It’s a custom for our family to discuss things during the meals. I must say that all of us are not alike in tastes, manners and characters. But as a matter of fact we get along with each other. We usually show our interest in what others think and do. We share each other’s joy and sorrow. We never remain indifferent to what happens to others. We exchange our impressions on films or plays we have seen. We are attentive and sincere to each other and all these things unite a family. But we like humor and joking so we argue and tease each other. It does not prevent us from being on friendly terms. Everybody is grateful to our mother, because she keeps the house , she takes care of everybody , she is kind and generous. We try our best to treat mother most kindly.




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