Baburen, Dirck van Baburen, Dirck van (b. c. 1595, Utrecht; d. 1624, Utrecht). Dutch painter of religious works, history pieces and genre scenes, a leading member of the Utrecht school. After studying painting in Utrecht with Paulus Moreelse, a portraitist and history painter, he traveled (c. 1612) to Rome, where his style became strongly influenced by the work of the Italian painter Caravaggio, whose dramatic contrasts between light and dark he found particularly fascinating. His most important Italian commission was the decoration of a chapel in the Church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome (1615-20), which included his Entombment (1617). He carried out this commission together with his friend and colleague David de Haen. In 1620 Baburen returned to Utrecht, where he shared a studio with Hendrick Ter Brugghen in about 1622-23. Although he died in 1624, he played a leading role, with Honthorst and Ter Brugghen, in establishing Utrecht as a stronghold of the Caravaggesque style. The Utrecht artists adopted Caravaggios chiaroscuro and realism. As Caravaggio, who often painted ordinary labourers, they chose models with weather-beaten faces and often portrayed them larger than life and dramatically lit from one side. The influence of Caravaggio may be seen in his Christ Crowned with Thorns (two versions, at the Franciscan House, Weert, Netherlands, and at Drury-Lowe Collection, Locko Park, England), based on a lost painting by the master. Baburen was especially fond of genre scenes (subjects from everyday life), such as his best-known work, The Procuress (1622; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). This picture is seen in the background of two paintings by Vermeer, whose mother-in-law apparently owned it. A certain coarseness in conception, irregular compositional rhythms, and less atmospheric quality distinguish Baburens art from that of his greater contemporaries, but his manner of painting can be said to be broad and forceful. The city of
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