Вчера до 3х ночи писала долбныи ессаы про Петра ИИИго...думала застрелюсь... вроде чет накалякала ... уже нет сил перечитывать и переделывать его... ужас...
Кому интересно то воть =)




Emperor Peter III, who was later replaced by his wife, Catherine II, remained on the throne for only 186 days, during which he had made a couple of great changes in the system of Russia, that then lead to a palace coup, his deposition, and his mysterious death. It is hard to say what has actually occurred since there are no primary sources left from Peter himself, or from his close advisors: Dmitrii Volkov, Aleksandr Glebov, Lev Naryshkin or Aleksie Mel’gunov. The only available memoirs from that time are the ones of that are written by Catherine II, Princess Dashkova and Gregory Orlov. Based on these given historical evidences many questions form, such as: Who organized the coup? Why did it succeed? How did Peter actually die? Who or what was responsible for his death? Why did only these memoirs survived? For who were they intended? And finally would there be reason for the author to distort and conceal some evidence? If so then why? All these questions will be further analyzed and discussed in this text based of the available primary sources of memoirs of Catherine II, princess Dashkova and Gregory Orlov.
The crucial organizers of the Coup d’Etat were: Panin, Orlov brothers and Catherine II, and each had their own reasons and own benefits from its success. Panin, although was granted with rank of Governor and Andrey Pervozvanny's order, was never completely trusted by Peter III. After death of Elizabeth, he became closer with Catherine II. He, himself, understood the need for revolution, but, according to Catherine, Panin desired the revolution in favor of Peter III rather then the Empress. Panin along with Princess Dashkov were active supporters of the palace coup, and once Catherine II was put on the throne he tried to create an “Imperial Council” to limit the arbitrariness of her authority. Although the “Imperial Council” project was declined Panin, afterward he became one of the most important statement of Catherine’s reign. Orlov brothers are also important figures in the revolution. As the most gifted and most energetic of the brothers, Alexis Orlov, was the initiator of revolution of 1762, which was succeeded, mainly, because of his efficiency. He forced Peter III to sign the report of repudiation. With the entrance of Catherine II to the throne he was produced in Major Generals. Although he rarely participated in the state affairs, and frequently carried out his plans through brother, Gregory. Gregory Orlov whose passion for Catherine II was openly acknowledged and which is the reason as to why he undertook what he did , was favored by Catherine, and due to this close relationship the brothers had a fairly large role of the revolution on 28 June, 1762. The last and most important figure/organizer of the coup was Catherine II herself. Her marriage has never worked with Peter III, and so although she was his wife she had other plans in mind. Catherine was favored by people and guardsmen dreamed to see her on the throne; high officials thought about the replacement of Peter by his son under the regency of Catherine. After careful planning of her actions on initiating of the palace coup, Catherine II, became major ally with Gregory Orlov and Princess Dashkov. While Gregory propagandized among the troops, Princess Dashkov made her ways among the high officials and the aristocracy. All this helped Catherine II organize and succeed with the palace coup.
Peter III has ruled Russia for 186 days, and although he has made a few accomplishments which have been later eclipsed by Catherine, he’s mostly remembered and known for his deposition in a palace coup shortly thereafter, he died while in custody. The way Peter III passed away is actually unclear; Castrera, Helbig Rulhiere, and Saldern, each portray Peter’s death, however it is difficult to conclude which ones are telling the truth and which ones are deceitful. Each one gives a bit difference scenario of what happens at Ropsha, and who is present at the time of Peter’s death. For example Rulhiere states that the present personnel at that time were Bariatinsky, Orlov, Potemkin, and Teplov are present during the murder. However we know for a fact that “Potemkin was never present at Ropsha.” . Although from the given memoirs it is hard to conclude for sure as to whom actually was present during the event, the names of the younger Bariatinsky, Alexis Orlov, and Teplov appear within all of the memoirs, which makes it safe to assume that they were present during the murder. Furthermore a picture of the murder itself forms. “They threw themselves upon him, seized him by the throat and threw him down.” Kneeling Peter down to the floor the three collaborators proceeded with tying a table napkin with a sliding-knot around his neck and complete the murder. After which Alexis immediately mounted onto a horse and galloped to Catherine to bring the news. Because it seemed that till the day the Emperor passes away there will be no rest, and a cloud of anxiety and terror was always hanging over Catherine and the future. Which can be seen in Alexis’s where he writes
Peter III lost what little intelligence he ever had. He shocked and offended everyone; he wanted to disrupt the Guards… He wanted to change his religion, marry Elizabeth Worontsov, and arrest me…after insulting me publicly at table, he ordered my arrest in the evening. This word of Catherine II shows not only her dislike and hatred towards Peter, but this also adds to the reasons and her involvement in the events leading later to Peter’s death. On several accounts she even admits her involvement in these events. It is evident when she talks as to how a day after Peter was sent off to Ropsha accompanied by prince Bariatinsky and Alexis Orlov she receives two letters from Orlov, where in one he stated that Peter fell extremely ill and another one, on which a signature is torn off, stating “ I do not think he (Peter III) will live till the night.”
The intention of these letters and memoirs is questionable. Where they left to explain what had occurred. If so then why aren’t there any memoirs from Peter and his close advisors left? First and foremost the memoirs that are here to this day are the memoirs of Catherine and her close, so to say, allies of that time. This is important to remember because they were the ones who organized the coup d’etat and this makes it bias, on the account that when one write a memoir they tend to glorify themselves, and create a good self-portrait. It would be irrational for Catherine to go and state that she has planned to dethrone and murder her husband, create the revolution and take over the throne, because then not too many people would have supported her and the events would’ve taken a different turn. The concealing and distorting of the facts, or the untold secrets of the past, were specifically left out by the authors in order not only to create the a better picture of themselves but also not loose the standing support if the memoirs are to be found and disclosed to public during those times.
Although the death of the Emperor Peter III remains an unsolved mystery, and one will never know for sure what happened on the night of 6th of July, we can for certain now say that Catherine, Orlov, Bariatinsky, Panin and Dashkova conspired, deposed, and murdered the Emperor, to elevate Catherine in front of her supporters, as their savior. With princess Dashkova making her way among the high officials and the aristocracy and Gregory propagandized among the troops Catherine secured her position. Other people such as Alexei Orlov, Bariatinsky and Panin played a smaller yet fairly important role for her succession in coming onto the throne. Due to the limited number of primary sources a not all questions can be answered but a strong opinion and assumptions can be formed.