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Вот тут описание исследования, которое я не совсем понимаю.

Each participant completed a questionnaire

assessing how important religion was to them. There

were two experimental conditions: a transcendenceopportunity

condition and a no-transcendenceopportunity

condition. The participants read a newspaper

article describing a drive-by shooting that involved an

infant being killed. In the transcendence-opportunity

condition, participants then filled out a transcendence

measure, which consisted of 6 questions (on a Likert

scale of 1 to 9) about God’s role in the life of people.

They also filled out an “Emotional Reactions

Questionnaire” designed to measure three different

affects: agitation, discomfort, and pity. In the notranscendence-

opportunity condition, participants did not

have the opportunity to fill out the transcendence

measure (Burris et al., 1997).

The second experiment included 84 participants

(also psychology undergraduates who were somewhat

religious). There were three experimental conditions:

religious-affirmation condition, no-affirmation

condition, and a distraction condition. In the religiousaffirmation

condition, participants read the shooting

article (from the first experiment), completed a locus-ofcontrol

scale and a “Religious Life Inventory,” and then

completed a questionnaire on measures of affect. The

“Religious Life Inventory” is similar to the Religious

Background and Behaviors Questionnaire set forth by

Connors, Tonigan, and Miller (1996) which measures

the religious feelings and practices of a person. In the

no-affirmation condition, participants completed the

same measures, but in a different order (Burris et al.,

1997).

The authors of this study measured cognitive

dissonance in terms of Discomfort and Agitation as

measures of affect. Some participants were allowed to

reduce their dissonance by choosing transcendence and

religious affirmation in the treatment conditions of the

experiments. In both experiments, participants

experienced significant reduction in cognitive

dissonance (or Discomfort and Agitation) when they

chose to believe more strongly in their convictions, even

when faced with situations that made it hard to do so

(Burris et al., 1997).

Отсюда

Сперва я подумал, что речь шла о том, что те, которые не заполняли религиозного опросника, не могли сгладить диссонанс за счёт религии (откуда диссонанс вообще?), и в группах поэтому был разный уровень диссонанса. Но потом речь идёт о том, что там была разница в контексте того, стали ли они ещё более стойко держаться за свою религиозность, и у тех, что стали - диссонанс снизился. Зачем тогда другие группы, которые вообще религиозного опросника не заполняли, нужны были???

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