VLADIMIR Sviatoslavich, son of SVIATOSLAV I Grand Prince of Kiev & his mistress Malusha [Malfred] ([960]-Berestov 15 Jul 1015). The Primary Chronicle names Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir as grandsons of Olga[78]. The Primary Chronicle names Malusha, stewardess of Olga and sister of Dobrinya, as mother of Sviatoslav's son Vladimir, when recording that his father sent him to Novgorod in 970 with his maternal uncle after the inhabitants had demanded a prince of their own[79]. After the death of his half-brother Oleg, Vladimir fled "beyond the seas" and governors were assigned to Novgorod. With support mustered in Scandinavia, Vladimir regained control of Novgorod. He captured Polotsk after killing Rogvolod Prince of Polotsk, who had refused Vladimir's offer to marry his daughter (whom he married anyway)[80]. He then moved southwards towards Kiev to attack his half-brother Iaropolk, who fled to Rodnia but was murdered when he returned to Kiev to negotiate with Vladimir. He thereby succeeded in [980] as VLADIMIR I "Velikiy/the Great" Grand Prince of Kiev. In 981, Vladimir invaded Polish territory and conquered Czerwień, "Peremyshl" and other cities[81]. After actively promoting the worship of pagan idols, he was baptised in [987/88] as part of an agreement to help Emperor Basileios II to defeat a rebellion. He increased his own personal prestige by marrying the emperor's sister and imposed Christianity on his people by force. He sought to rule his diverse territories by nominating his various sons to rule in different towns, although at the end of his reign he was faced with the rebellions of his son Iaroslav and his adopted son Sviatopolk. Vladimir died while preparing for war with Novgorod following the suspension of payment of tribute by his son Iaroslav[82]. Vladimir was described as "fornicator immensus et crudelis" by Thietmar[83]. According to the Primary Chronicle, Vladimir had 300 concubines at Vyshgorod, 300 at Belgorod and 200 at Berestovo[84]. The Primary Chronicle records the death of Vladimir at Berestovo 15 Jul 1015[85]. He was later esteemed to be a saint, his feast day being 15 July.
m firstly ([977], divorced 986) as her second husband, ROGNED of Polotsk, widow of --- Jarl in Sweden, daughter of ROGVOLOD Prince of Polotsk & his wife --- ([956]-[998/1000]). The Primary Chronicle names Rogned, daughter of Rogvolod Prince of Polotsk, recording that she at first refused to marry Vladimir, preferring his half-brother Yaropolk[86]. She became a nun in [989]. The Primary Chronicle records the death of Rogned in [998/1000][87].
m secondly (Kherson 988) ANNA of Byzantium, daughter of Emperor ROMANOS II & his second wife Theophano [née Anastasia] (13 Mar 963-[1008/11] or [1022], bur Kiev, church of the Palace). Cedrenus records that "filiam…Annæ" was born two days before the death of Emperor Romanos II[88]. The Primary Chronicle names Anna, sister of Emperors Basil and Constantine, recording that her brothers agreed to her marriage to Vladimir if he accepted baptism, and her arrival and marriage at Kherson[89]. Zonaras records that "Uladimero ducem [Russorum]" married "sorore Anna" (referring to Basileios and Konstantinos)[90]. The marriage marked the start of increased influence for the Greek Orthodox church in Russia, as the new Russian church reported to the Patriarch of Constantinople. The sources are contradictory regarding the dating of Anna´s death. The Primary Chronicle records the death of Anna wife of Vladimir in [1008/11][91]. Cedrenus records that "Anna imperatoris sorore" died "in Rossia", adding that her husband had already died, in a passage following the record of events dated to [1022], adding that "Chrysochir quidam Bladimeri cognatus" (not yet identified) sailed for Constantinople after she died but was defeated and killed at Lemnos by "Davido Achridensi Sami præfecto ac Nicephoro Cabasila duce Thessalonicæ"[92].
m thirdly (after 1011) [ADELIA][von Öhningen, daughter of KONRAD Duke of Swabia & his wife Richlind ---] (-after 14 Aug 1018). The GenealogiaWelforum refers to the four daughters of "Chuno comes [et] filia Ottonis Magni imperatoris", specifying that the third (unnamed) married "regi Rugorum"[93]. The HistoriaWelforum refers to the four daughters of "Couno comes" and "filia Ottonis magnis imperatoris…Richlint", specifying that they married "una Roudolfo isti [=Welforum], alia cuidam de Rinveldin, parenti Zaringiorum, tercia regie Rugiorum, quarta comiti de Diezon"[94]. As noted in the document SWABIA DUKES, these two sources are unreliable in their recording of the sons of Konrad I Duke of Swabia, so should not be assumed to be any more precise in recording his daughters. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.
Mistress (1): ---, wife of IAROPOLK Sviatoslavich, daughter of ---. The Primary Chronicle records that Vladimir, later Grand Prince of Kiev, had intercourse with his brother's [Yaropolk's] wife "a Greek woman"[95].
Mistress (2): OLAVA, a Czech concubine. The primary source which confirms her name and relationship with Vladimir has not yet been identified.
Mistresses (3) to (9): ---. The names of the other mistresses of Grand Prince Vladimir are not known.
Grand Prince Vladimir & his first wife had six children:
1. IZIASLAV Vladimirovich (-1001). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Izyaslav, Mstislav, Yaroslav and Vsevolod as the four sons of Vladimir and his wife Rogned[96]. The Primary Chronicle in another section names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Izyaslav in Polotsk[97]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[98], Iziaslav was the son of Rogned of Polotsk by her first husband, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Prince of Polotsk.
- see Chapter 2. PRINCES of POLOTSK.
2. IAROSLAV Vladimirovich ([978]-20 Feb 1054). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Izyaslav, Mstislav, Yaroslav and Vsevolod as the four sons of Vladimir & his wife Rogned[99]. The Primary Chronicle in another section names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Yaroslav in Rostov and, after the death of Vysheslav, in Novgorod[100]. He succeeded in 1016 as IAROSLAV I "Mudriy/the Wise" Grand Prince of Kiev.
- see below, Part B. GRAND PRINCES of KIEV 1019-1132.
3. MSTISLAV Vladimirovich "the Brave" (978-[1034/36], bur Church of the Redeemer). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Izyaslav, Mstislav, Yaroslav and Vsevolod as the four sons of Vladimir & his wife Rogned[101]. The Primary Chronicle in another section names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Mstislav in Tmutorakan after the death of his brother Vysheslav[102]. His father sent him to rule in Tmutorokan. In 1024, he moved his headquarters north to Chernigov to challenge his half-brother Iaroslav whom he defeated at Listven. The brothers agreed a division of territories, Mstislav taking the land on the eastern bank of the Dnieper including Chernigov and Tmutorokan. The Primary Chronicle records the death of Mstislav in [1034/36], while on a hunting expedition, and his place of burial[103]. His territories fell to Iaroslav. m ---. The name of Mstislav´s wife is not known. Mstislav & his wife had one child:
a) IEVSTAFII Mstislavich (-1033). The Primary Chronicle records the death of Eustathius son of Mstislav in 1033[104].
4. VSEVOLOD Vladimirovich (-1015). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Izyaslav, Mstislav, Yaroslav and Vsevolod as the four sons of Vladimir & his wife Rogned[105]. The Primary Chronicle in another section names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Vsevolod in Vladimir after the death of his brother Vysheslav[106]. Grand Prince of Volynia and Pereyaslavl 990. Snorre records that Vsevolod proposed marriage to Sigrid "Storråda/the Haughty", widow of Erik King of Sweden, adding that she ordered his murder in [995][107].
5. daughter (-after 1018). The Primary Chronicle records that Vladimir and his wife Rogned had two unnamed daughters[108]. The Primary Chronicle records that Boleslav of Poland fled from Kiev in 1018 with Iaroslav's two sisters[109]. same person as…? PREDSLAVA Vladimirovna (-after 1018). The Primary Chronicle names Predslava as sister of Iaroslav, recording that she warned the latter to be on his guard against Sviatopolk in 1015[110]. Bolesław I Prince of Poland asked for her hand in marriage in [1017], wishing to strengthen the bond between Poland and Russia, but this was refused[111]. The Primary Chronicle records that Boleslav of Poland fled from Kiev in 1018 with Iaroslav's two sisters[112]. According to Baumgarten[113], Predslava married Boleslav III Duke of the Bohemians. There is no indication about the date of such a marriage. Information concerning Duke Boleslav and Predslava of Kiev which is available from primary sources shows that [999/1002] and after [1018] are the most likely dates. However, a careful analysis of such information also shows difficulties which cast considerable doubt over the likelihood of such a marriage. If the marriage took place in [999/1002], during Duke Boleslav's brief period of rule in Bohemia, Predslava must have been born in the late 970s/early 980s, maybe the daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir by his first wife Rogneda of Polotsk (whom he married in [978], and was separated from in [986]). However, the three references in the Primary Chronicle cite above, which apparently relate to Predslava, show that she was still living at the court of Kiev during the period [1015/18] and that she was probably unmarried at the time. If the marriage took place after [1018], after Predslava had been taken to Poland, the probable age difference between Predslava and Duke Boleslav would have been pronounced, and Boleslav's apparent lack of political influence at the time must have reduced his marriage prospects. Concerning the age difference, if Predslava was still considered marriageable by Boleslaw I Prince of Poland in [1017], it is likely that she was born much later than [978/86] (in which case she would have been the daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir by one of his concubines). Duke Boleslav's date of birth is unknown. However, his paternal uncle is recorded as having been born in 929 and the likely birth date range of his paternal aunt was [940/45]. It is therefore unlikely that Duke Boleslav's father was born much later than the 930s. Even if his father married late, it is therefore improbable that Duke Boleslav himself was born much later than [970]. The question of Duke Boleslav's political status probably represents a more serious obstacle. By [1018], 15 years had passed since he had been blinded and sent into exile. No information has been found in the primary sources about his activity during this period, which suggests that he had fallen into obscurity. It is not known whether Boleslav spent all his years of exile in Poland and, if so, under what conditions he lived. However, according to EuropäischeStammtafeln[114], he died in a Polish prison (in 1035). It is not known how long he had been in prison, but his absence from the scene during the early 1030s, when his younger brother Duke Jaromir was restored and deposed in Bohemia for a third time, suggests that ex-Duke Boleslav may have been dismissed as a possible successor in Bohemia due to a lengthy period of imprisonment. His blindness may also have been considered an insuperable handicap.
6. daughter (-after 1018). The Primary Chronicle records that Vladimir and his wife Rogned had two unnamed daughters[115]. The Primary Chronicle records that Boleslav of Poland fled from Kiev in 1018 with Iaroslav's two sisters[116].
Grand Prince Vladimir had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):
7. SVIATOPOLK Vladimirovich([980]-1019). The Primary Chronicle names Sviatopolk as son of Vladimir by the wife of his brother Iaropolk[117]. The Primary Chronicle in another section names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Sviatopolk in Turov[118]. After allegedly plotting against Prince Vladimir, he was arrested and held either in Kiev or in Vishgorod. He bribed his way to assume authority in Kiev, succeeding as SVIATOPOLK I "Okayanniy/the Damned" Grand Prince of Kiev. He proceeded to eliminate his cousins Boris, Gleb and Sviatoslav, then challenged his cousin Iaroslav of Novgorod in battle at Liubech in [1016], but was forced to flee to Poland[119]. He returned in Jul 1018 with an army led by his father-in-law Bolesław I King of Poland, defeating Iaroslav at the Western Bug and forced him to retire to Novgorod. Sviatopolk entered Kiev again 14 Aug 1018 and resumed his rule. Thietmar records that "Duke Boleslav invaded the Russian king's realm with his army [and placed] his long-exiled brother-in-law, the Russian's brother, on the throne"[120]. After King Bolesław returned to Poland, Iaroslav advanced once more on Kiev. Sviatopolk fled south to raise another force with the Pechenegs, but was finally defeated at the river Alta in 1019. He fled to Poland once more, but according to the Novgorod Chronicle died on the journey[121]. According to Ferrand[122], the two families Swiatopolk-Mirsky and Swiatopolk-Czetwertinsky descend from Grand Prince Sviatopolk I, who "according to Czech chronicles died at a very advanced age". The author gives no details of these chronicles or these alleged descents which, until further proof is advanced, must be considered speculative. This alleged origin of the family Swiatopolk-Mirsky is not given in the introduction to the entry about the family in the Almanachde Gotha[123]. As noted below in Chapter 4, Genealogisches Handbuch der Fürstlichen Häuser[124]states that the Swiatopolk-Mirsky family descends from a younger branch of the Princes of Turov. m (before 15 Jul 1013) --- of Poland, daughter of BOLESŁAW I "Chrobry/the Brave" King of Poland & his [third/fourth] wife Emnilda --- ([991/1001]-after 14 Aug 1018). Thietmar refers to the three (unnamed) daughters of Boleslaw & his wife Emnilde, specifying (in order) that "one was an abbess, the second married Count Hermann and the third the son of King Vladimir"[125]. Her marriage was arranged to confirm the peace which followed the Polish-Russian war of 1013[126]. She was accompanied to Kiev by Bishop Reinbern, who was thrown into prison when her husband was overthrown[127].
Grand Prince Vladimir had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):
8. VYSHESLAV Vladimirovich(-1010). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that Vysheslav was the oldest and that his father established him in Novgorod[128]. Prince of Novgorod 988.
Grand Prince Vladimir had nine illegitimate children by unknown Mistresses (3) to (9):
9. SVIATOSLAV Vladimirovich(-killed in battle 1015 after 15 Jul). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Sviatoslav in Dereva after the death of his brother Vysheslav[129]. Prince of the Derevlians. He was killed on the orders of his cousin Sviatopolk I Grand Prince of Kiev while trying to escape to Hungary[130].
10. BORISVladimirovich([990]-murdered 24 Jul 1015, bur Lto river, transferred 1072 to Vishgorod[131]). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Boris in Rostov after the death of his brother Vysheslav[132]. His father appointed him Prince of Rostov and Novgorod in 1010. His father sent him on campaign against the Pechenegs. He was murdered on the orders of his cousin Sviatopolk I Grand Prince of Kiev while camped by the river Alta[133]. He was canonised with his brother Gleb in 1072.
11. GLEB Vladimirovich(-murdered 5 Sep 1015, bur Lto river, transferred 1072 to Vishgorod[134]). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir, recording that his father established Gleb in Murom after the death of his brother Vysheslav[135]. His father appointed him Prince of Murom in 1010. He was lured by deceit from Murom and murdered on the orders of his cousin Sviatopolk I Grand Prince of Kiev[136]. He was canonised with his brother Boris in 1072.
12. POZVIZDVladimirovich (-after 1015). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir[137].
13. SUDISLAV Vladimirovich(-Kiev [1062/63], bur Church of St George). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir[138]. Prince of Pskov. He was imprisoned by his half-brother Iaroslav Grand Prince of Kiev in [1034/36][139]. The Primary Chronicle records his release from prison after 24 years in 1059 by Izyaslav, Sviatoslav and Vsevolod and his taking the monastic habit, and his death in [1062/63] and place of burial[140].
14. STANISLAV Vladimirovich(-before 1015). The Primary Chronicle names (in order) Vysheslav, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Sviatopolk, Vsevolod, Sviatoslav, Mstislav, Boris, Gleb, Stanislav, Pozvizd and Sudislav as the twelve sons of Vladimir[141]. Prince of Smolensk.
15. PREMISLAVAVladimirovna (-[1015]). Baumgarten names the wife of Duke László and gives her origin but only cites one secondary source in support[142]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m([1000]) LÁSZLÓ "Szár/the Bald" Prince of Hungary, Duke between March and Gran, son of MIHÁLY Prince of Hungary Duke between March and Gran & Adelajda [Adleta] of Poland (-1029).
16. DOBRONEGA MARIA Vladimirovna(before 1012-1087). The Primary Chronicle records the marriage of "Yaroslav's sister" to Kazimierz of Poland in 1043 but does not name her[143]. The Annales Polanorum state that "Kazimirum duxit ex Russia Mariam" in 1025[144], although the date is clearly inaccurate. The ChronicæPolanorum refers to the wife of King Kazimierz as "de Rusianobilem"[145]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Kazimirus" married "Dobrognewam"[146]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death in 1087 of "Dobronega uxor Kazimir"[147]. m(1043) KAZIMIERZ I KAROL "Odnowiciel/the Renewer" Prince of Poland, son of MIESZKO II Lambert King of Poland & his wife Richeza [Ezzonen] (25 Jul 1016-19 Mar 1058).
17. [--- Vladimirovna . Baumgarten states that the wife of Markgraf Bernhard was the illegitimate daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavich. He cites a single German secondary source, dated to 1722, but this in fact makes no mention of Bernhard´s wife[148]. The authority for his statement is therefore unknown and it is preferable to assume that it is incorrect until further information comes to light. If Baumgarten is correct, this person could have been the mother of Bernhard´s son Otto: the Annales of Lambert von Hersfeld record in 1057 “Otto frater Wilhehelmi marchionis, sed matrimonio impari, matre...Slavia”[149]. As the birth of Bernhard´s son by his second wife/mistress can be dated to [1040], this daughter would have been one of the youngest children of Vladimir (who died in 1015) if this is the correct parentage for Bernhard´s wife/mistress. m[as his second wife,] BERNHARD [von Haldensleben], son of DIETRICH Markgraf über den Gau der Heveller [Nordmark] & his wife --- (-[1044/51]). He was installed in 1009 as BERNHARD Markgraf der Nordmark.]
19:54:29 знаковое фото... Слава Украине! http://t.co/d8WlGGm2FN
20:09:01 Гитара. Невероятное чувство, когда со стороны наблюдаешь, как кто-то играет... тебе кажется, сча возьмешь гитару... http://t.co/tpk8tV4r3Z
21:48:25 в декабре обещали 6 дней кромешной темноты ... врут! сказочники, врут! http://t.co/vYc4hZ3vMg